Understanding your risk
Some people have a higher risk of developing breast cancer because of changes in genes that can be passed down through families. These are sometimes called inherited genetic changes.
Most breast cancers are not caused by an inherited genetic change. However, having several relatives who have had breast cancer, particularly at younger ages, may mean that you could benefit from further assessment.
Should I be concerned about my family history?
You may wish to speak to your GP if:
- Several people in your family have had breast cancer.
- A close relative was diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age.
- Someone in your family has had ovarian cancer.
- A relative has been found to have an inherited genetic change linked to cancer.
Having a family history of cancer does not necessarily mean you will develop cancer yourself.
Your GP can discuss your concerns and, where appropriate, refer you for further assessment.
What is genetic testing?
Genetic testing looks for certain inherited changes in genes that may increase the risk of developing cancer.
Not everyone with a family history of breast cancer needs genetic testing. A specialist team will consider your personal and family history and advise whether testing may be appropriate.
If testing is recommended, you should be given information about what it involves, what the results could mean and how they might affect you and your family.
What happens if I am at increased risk?
If an assessment shows that you have an increased risk of breast cancer, your healthcare team will discuss the options available to you.
Depending on your circumstances, these may include additional breast screening, medicines that can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, or other preventative options.
Decisions about testing and risk reduction should be made with your healthcare team, taking account of your individual circumstances and preferences.
Further information and support
You can find reliable information about inherited cancer risk, genetic testing and family history through the following organisations:
- NHS: Predictive genetic tests for cancer risk
- NHS: Breast cancer in women
- Update leaflet for postmenopausal women (age over 50 years) at high risk of breast cancer
- Anastrozole leaflet: Reducing your risk of cancer – for post-menopausal patients at moderate risk of breast cancer
- NICE: Familial breast cancer guidance
- Macmillan Cancer Support
If you are concerned about your family history, your GP is a good place to start.